From: The role of tobacco promoting and restraining factors in smoking intentions among Ghanaian youth
Factors | Smoking intentions* | Â | |
---|---|---|---|
 | All participants | Never smokers |  |
 | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | R-squared** |
Age | Â | Â | 0.002 |
12-14-year-olds | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
15-16-year-olds | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | Â |
17-18-year-olds | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | Â |
19-20-year-olds | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) | 1.2 (0.7-2.0) | Â |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.000 |
Boys | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
Girls | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) | Â |
Environmental and familial tobacco promoting /restraining factors | |||
Smoking allowed on school compound | Â | Â | 0.09 |
No (N = 1165) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
Yes (N = 50) | 3.2 (1.7-5.8) | 3.0 (1.5-6.2) | Â |
Don’t know (N = 48) | 1.9 (1.1-3.8) | 2.0 (0.9-4.2) |  |
Total (N = 1263) | Â | Â | Â |
Taught harmful effects of smoking in school | Â | Â | Â |
Yes (N = 891) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
No/Not sure (N = 372) | 1.2 (0.8-1.5) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | Â |
Total (N = 1263) | Â | Â | Â |
Refused cigarette sale due to age | Â | Â | Â |
No (N = 71) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
Yes (N = 93) | 1.5 (0.8-2.9) | 0.7 (0.3-1.8) | Â |
Total (N = 164) | Â | Â | Â |
Exposure to advertisement | Â | Â | 0.08 |
No (N = 637) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
Yes (N = 701) | 1.6 (1.2-2.1) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) | Â |
Total (N = 1338) | Â | Â | Â |
Parental smoking | Â | Â | 0.08 |
None (N = 1063) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
Can’t say (N = 21) | 3.1 (1.2-8.0) | 4.3 (1.2-15.2) |  |
One or both parents smoke (N = 36) | 3.7 (1.8-7.6) | 3.0 (1.4-6.6) | Â |
Total (N = 1120) | Â | Â | Â |
Family member discussed harmful effects of smoking | Â | Â | Â |
Yes (N = 918) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
No (N = 355) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | Â |
Total (N = 1273) | Â | Â | Â |
Knowledge/attitude | Â | Â | Â |
Perceive smoking as harmful to health | Â | Â | 0.08 |
Agree (N = 1127) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
Disagree/not sure (N = 178) | 3.4 (2.4-4.8) | 2.9 (1.9-4.3) | Â |
Total (N = 1305) | Â | Â | Â |
It is difficult to quit smoking, once started | Â | Â | 0.08 |
Agree (N = 971) | 1.0 | 10 | Â |
Disagree/not sure (N = 337) | 1.7 (1.2-2.2) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) | Â |
Total (N = 1308) | Â | Â | Â |
Tobacco should not be sold to those under 18 yrs of age |  |  | 0.08 |
Agree (N = 1087) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |
Disagree/not sure (N = 213) | 2.5 (1.8-3.5) | 2.1 (1.5-3.1) | Â |
Total (N = 1300) | Â | Â | Â |