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Table 4 Odds ratios a for correlates of poorer self-rated health in Australia, USA, Japan and Korea

From: A simple measure with complex determinants: investigation of the correlates of self-rated health in older men and women from three continents

Predictor (reference group)

Australia

USA

Japan

Korea

Gender (male)

1.02 (0.94-1.11)

0.92 (0.88-0.96)***

0.99 (0.91-1.08)

1.18 (1.07-1.30)**

Age (years)

1.03 (1.02-1.03)***

1.00 (1.00-1.01)*

1.01 (1.00-1.01)

1.01 (1.01-1.02)***

Partner status (partnered)

1.08 (1.03-1.14)**

1.09 (1.04-1.14)***

1.06 (0.97-1.16)

0.85 (0.78-0.93)***

Education (Grade 9 or lower)

    

 Grades 10-12

0.91 (0.86-0.97)**

0.72 (0.67-0.76)***

0.92 (0.88-1.00)

0.68 (0.61-0.76)***

 Post-secondary

0.78 (0.73-0.84)***

0.57 (0.54-0.61)***

0.92 (0.82-1.04)

0.57 (0.50-0.67)***

Smoking (non-smoker)

1.32 (1.17-1.48)***

1.33 (1.24-1.42)***

1.02 (0.92-1.13)

0.97 (0.87-1.08)

Alcohol (abstainer)

0.85 (0.80-0.90)***

0.77 (0.74-0.81)***

0.79 (0.73-0.88)***

0.93 (0.85-1.02)

Medical conditions (none)

    

 One

1.61 (1.50-1.73)***

1.58 (1.45-1.72)***

1.68 (1.55-1.83)***

1.56 (1.44-1.70)***

 More than one

2.58 (2.40-2.78)***

2.66 (2.45-2.88)***

2.33 (2.10-2.58)***

2.38 (2.15-2.63)***

ADL difficulty (none)

2.26 (2.09-2.44)***

2.11 (1.98-2.25)***

2.46 (1.99-3.05)***

2.84 (2.38-3.38)***

Mental health (good)

2.32 (2.14-2.51)***

1.94 (1.83-2.07)***

1.91 (1.71-2.12)***

2.59 (2.34-2.86)***

  1. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.
  2. a Odds ratios are shown with 95% confidence intervals.