Predictor (reference group) | Australia | USA | Japan | Korea |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 1.02 (0.94-1.11) | 0.92 (0.88-0.96)*** | 0.99 (0.91-1.08) | 1.18 (1.07-1.30)** |
Age (years) | 1.03 (1.02-1.03)*** | 1.00 (1.00-1.01)* | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 1.01 (1.01-1.02)*** |
Partner status (partnered) | 1.08 (1.03-1.14)** | 1.09 (1.04-1.14)*** | 1.06 (0.97-1.16) | 0.85 (0.78-0.93)*** |
Education (Grade 9 or lower) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Grades 10-12 | 0.91 (0.86-0.97)** | 0.72 (0.67-0.76)*** | 0.92 (0.88-1.00) | 0.68 (0.61-0.76)*** |
 Post-secondary | 0.78 (0.73-0.84)*** | 0.57 (0.54-0.61)*** | 0.92 (0.82-1.04) | 0.57 (0.50-0.67)*** |
Smoking (non-smoker) | 1.32 (1.17-1.48)*** | 1.33 (1.24-1.42)*** | 1.02 (0.92-1.13) | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) |
Alcohol (abstainer) | 0.85 (0.80-0.90)*** | 0.77 (0.74-0.81)*** | 0.79 (0.73-0.88)*** | 0.93 (0.85-1.02) |
Medical conditions (none) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 One | 1.61 (1.50-1.73)*** | 1.58 (1.45-1.72)*** | 1.68 (1.55-1.83)*** | 1.56 (1.44-1.70)*** |
 More than one | 2.58 (2.40-2.78)*** | 2.66 (2.45-2.88)*** | 2.33 (2.10-2.58)*** | 2.38 (2.15-2.63)*** |
ADL difficulty (none) | 2.26 (2.09-2.44)*** | 2.11 (1.98-2.25)*** | 2.46 (1.99-3.05)*** | 2.84 (2.38-3.38)*** |
Mental health (good) | 2.32 (2.14-2.51)*** | 1.94 (1.83-2.07)*** | 1.91 (1.71-2.12)*** | 2.59 (2.34-2.86)*** |