From: Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children
Variables | N* | % depressive symptoms (weighted) | Prevalence Ratio | 95 % Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Male | 393 | 4.5 | Reference | |
Female | 381 | 3.3 | 0.74 | 0.35 - 1.55 |
Low birth weight | ||||
No | 613 | 3.5 | Reference | |
Yes | 161 | 9.5 | 2.72 | 1.40 - 5.28 |
Preterm birth | ||||
No | 595 | 3.9 | Reference | |
Yes | 179 | 4.0 | 1.02 | 0.47 - 2.21 |
Maternal schooling (years) | ||||
0 to 4 | 153 | 7.3 | 4.60 | 1.51 - 13.99 |
5 to 8 | 296 | 4.6 | 2.85 | 0.96 - 8.49 |
≥9 | 261 | 1.6 | Reference | |
Number of household members | ||||
1 to 4 | 503 | 3.0 | 0.44 | 0.21 - 0.92 |
≥ 5 | 237 | 6.7 | Reference | |
Parity | ||||
1 | 306 | 2.2 | 0.48 | 0.19 - 1.23 |
2 to 4 | 414 | 4.6 | Reference | |
≥5 | 46 | 10.0 | 2.15 | 0.73 - 6.28 |
Maternal smoking | ||||
No | 584 | 3.6 | Reference | |
Yes | 157 | 6.2 | 1.72 | 0.78 - 3.82 |
Maternal age (years) | ||||
<20 | 126 | 3.9 | 1.01 | 0.36 - 2.79 |
20 to 34 | 554 | 3.9 | Reference | |
≥35 | 93 | 4.4 | 1.15 | 0.40 - 3.29 |
Paternal age (years) | ||||
<20 | 43 | 6.7 | 2.33 | 0.63 - 8.69 |
20 to 34 | 514 | 2.9 | Reference | |
≥35 | 170 | 5.2 | 1.78 | 0.75 - 4.23 |
Maternal job | ||||
No | 457 | 5.2 | Reference | |
Yes | 285 | 2.4 | 0.46 | 0.19 - 1.10 |
Occupation of family head | ||||
Non-manual | 151 | 0.5 | Reference | |
Manual skilled and semi-skilled | 455 | 4.6 | 8.67 | 1.97 - 38.06 |
Manual unskilled and unemployed | 126 | 6.7 | 12.57 | 2.62 - 60.37 |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 482 | 2.7 | 0.37 | 0.16 - 0.85 |
Consensual union | 153 | 7.3 | Reference | |
No companion | 104 | 6.4 | 0.88 | 0.32 - 2.41 |