From: Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children
Variables | N* | % depressive symptoms (weighted) | Prevalence Ratio | 95 % Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Male | 346 | 15.1 | Reference | |
Female | 324 | 12.2 | 0.80 | 0.54 - 1.20 |
Low birth weight | ||||
No | 590 | 13.7 | Reference | |
Yes | 80 | 13.0 | 0.95 | 0.49 - 1.85 |
Preterm birth | ||||
No | 583 | 13.3 | Reference | |
Yes | 87 | 17.6 | 1.33 | 0.74 - 2.38 |
Maternal schooling (years) | ||||
0 to 4 | 102 | 18.7 | 2.05 | 1.15 - 3.65 |
5 to 8 | 300 | 15.9 | 1.74 | 1.08 - 2.82 |
≥9 | 268 | 9.1 | Reference | |
Number of household members | ||||
1 to 4 | 254 | 14.3 | 1.07 | 0.71 - 1.60 |
≥ 5 | 415 | 13.4 | Reference | |
Parity | ||||
1 | 315 | 12.4 | 0.81 | 0.54 - 1.22 |
2 to 4 | 320 | 15.2 | Reference | |
≥5 | 35 | 11.0 | 0.72 | 0.24 - 2.16 |
Maternal smoking | ||||
No | 642 | 13.6 | Reference | |
Yes | 28 | 16.9 | 1.25 | 0.50 - 3.11 |
Maternal age (years) | ||||
<20 | 199 | 16.1 | 1.30 | 0.85 - 1.98 |
20 to 34 | 440 | 12.4 | Reference | |
≥35 | 31 | 16.7 | 1.34 | 0.56 – 3.24 |
Paternal age (years) | ||||
<20 | 57 | 21.9 | 1.68 | 0.94 - 2.98 |
20 to 34 | 491 | 13.1 | Reference | |
≥35 | 106 | 12.6 | 0.97 | 0.54 - 1.73 |
Maternal job | ||||
No | 531 | 14.9 | Reference | |
Yes | 139 | 9.5 | 0.64 | 0.36 - 1.12 |
Occupation of family head | ||||
Non-manual | 105 | 8.5 | Reference | |
Manual skilled and semi-skilled | 317 | 14.9 | 1.75 | 0.85 - 3.59 |
Manual unskilled and unemployed | 225 | 15.3 | 1.79 | 0.86 - 3.75 |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 198 | 13.2 | 0.92 | 0.57 - 1.48 |
Consensual union | 313 | 14.3 | Reference | |
No companion | 159 | 13.1 | 0.92 | 0.56 - 1.51 |