Table 1 Characteristics of children attending school in a low and a high pollution urban area
From: Blood pressure and particulate air pollution in schoolchildren of Lahore, Pakistan
Characteristics | Low Pollution School (n=73) | High Pollution School (n=93) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male sex - no. (%) | 46 (63%) | 46 (49.4%) | |
Age - yr | 10.0 (8.0-11.0) | 10.0 (9.0-11.0) | 0.2 |
Height - cm | 134 (125–143) | 134 (130–138) 0.9 | 0.9 |
Weight - kg | 27.0 (22.0-34.0) | 27.0 (25.0-31.0) | 0.9 |
BMI - kg/m2 | 15.3 (14.1-16.4) | 15.3 (14.4-17.1) | 0.9 |
Passive smoking | 22 (30%) | 34 (36%) | 0.3 |
Socio-economic class§ | 0.001 | ||
Low | 7 (10%) | 31 (34%) | |
Middle | 24 (33%) | 22 (24%) | |
High | 41 (57%) | 39 (42%) | |
Outdoor PM1 - μg/m3 | 7.3 (5.3) | 58.2 (9.6) | <0.0001 |
Outdoor PM2.5 - μg/m3 | 28.5 (10.3) | 183.0 (30.2) | <0.0001 |
Outdoor PM10 - μg/m3 | 223.0 (93.5) | 728.6 (53.5) | <0.0001 |
Indoor PM1 - μg/m3 | 8.4 (5.5) | 52.7 (12.1) | <0.0001 |
Indoor PM2.5 - μg/m3 | 29.1 (15.1) | 163.0 (61.6) | <0.0001 |
Indoor PM10 - μg/m3 | 222.9 (119.4) | 590.7 (219.4) | <0.0001 |
Outdoor temperature - °C | 15.5 (3.3) | 14.9 (4.5) | 0.4 |
Relative humidity - % | 58.4 (16.4) | 67.1 (18.5) | 0.001 |