Perceived causes |  | Pre-ulcers, N = 15 | Ulcers, N = 166 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Total % | Spon. % | Most important % | Mean Prominence | Total % | Spon.% | Most important % | Mean Prominence | P-values |
Ingestion | 53.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | 1.00 | 33.7 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 0.58 | Â |
Drinking unclean water | 53.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | 1.00 | 33.7 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 0.58 | Â |
Illness/ Injury | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.20 | 44.0 | 27.1 | 9.0 | 0.98 | * |
Prone to illness | 13.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.13 | 13.9 | 4.8 | 0.6 | 0.20 | Â |
Insect bites | 13.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.13 | 7.2 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 0.11 | Â |
Scratches on skin | 13.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.13 | 14.5 | 7.2 | 1.8 | 0.27 | Â |
Weakness of blood | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.20 | 38.6 | 24.1 | 6.0 | 0.81 | Â |
Environmental | 40.0 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.47 | 34.3 | 15.7 | 4.2 | 0.63 | Â |
Poor sanitation | 40.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.40 | 27.7 | 10.2 | 1.2 | 0.42 | Â |
Poor personal hygiene | 26.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.27 | 21.1 | 5.4 | 2.4 | 0.34 | Â |
Exposure to sand | 20.0 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.27 | 23.5 | 7.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 | Â |
Behaviour | 60.0 | 40.0 | 53.3 | 2.60 | 48.2 | 28.9 | 18.1 | 1.31 | Â |
Swimming in ponds and rivers | 60.0 | 40.0 | 53.3 | 2.60 | 43.4 | 25.9 | 18.1 | 1.23 | * |
Contact with animals | 6.7 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.13 | 9.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.12 | Â |
Spiritual | 20.0 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.27 | 64.5 | 51.2 | 39.7 | 2.35 | ** |
Witchcraft | 20.0 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.27 | 64.5 | 51.2 | 39.7 | 2.35 | ** |
Miscellaneous | 46.7 | 46.7 | 40.0 | 2.13 | 31.9 | 31.9 | 24.7 | 1.38 | Â |
Cuts, abrasions, unexplained swelling of limbs | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 0.67 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 6.6 | 0.37 | Â |
Cannot say/ uncertain | 33.3 | 33.3 | 26.7 | 1.47 | 24.1 | 24.1 | 18.1 | 1.02 | Â |