Table 1 Distribution of children according to socio-demographic background (n = 402)
N (%) | Mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|
Boys | 180 (44.8) | |
Girls | 222 (55.2) | |
Age (boys & girls) | ||
7-12 years | 402 (100) | 9.9 ± 1.2 |
7-9 years | 194 (48.3) | 9.0 ± 0.9 |
10-12 years | 208 (51.7) | 10.9 ± 0.6 |
Ethnicity | ||
Malay | 206 (51.2) | |
Chinese | 172 (42.8) | |
Indian & others | 24 (6.0) | |
Number of siblings (n = 401) | 3.6 ± 1.6 | |
≤3 | 221 (55.1) | |
≥4 | 180 (44.9) | |
Father's age (years) (n = 388) | 43.0 ± 6.2 | |
≤ 40 | 139 (35.9) | |
> 40 | 249 (64.1) | |
Mother's age (years) (n = 393) | 39.6 ± 5.6 | |
≤ 40 | 226 (57.5) | |
> 40 | 167 (42.5) | |
Father's educational attainment (n = 387) | ||
Secondary school and below | 270 (69.8) | |
College/University | 117 (30.2) | |
Mother's educational attainment (n = 389) | ||
Secondary school and below | 290 (74.6) | |
College/University | 99 (25.4) | |
Monthly household income (n = 391) (US$1.00 = RM3.00) | ||
< RM3999 | 245 (62.7) | |
RM4000 - RM7999 | 92 (23.5) | |
≥ RM8000 | 54 (13.8) |