Table 5 Odds Ratios predicting IPVAW among ever married/cohabited women aged 15-49 by selected cultural and behavioral variables in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia, and January to April, 2011

Initiation of marriage or choose (n = 1540)

   Both

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Family and others

1.19 (0.74 to 1.90)

1.11 (0.56 to 2.19)

1.08 (0.70 to 1.67)

0.87 (0.46 to 1.66)

   Abduction

3.40 (1.50 to 7.93)*

3.71 (1.01 to 13.63)*

3.02 (1.43 to 6.37)*

3.02 (0.93 to 9.76)

Marriage ceremony

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

0.63 (0.48 to 0.83)*

0.81 (0.83 to 1.85)

0.66 (0.51 to 0.86)*

0.99 (0.61 to 1.61)

Dowry/bride Price

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

0.63 (0.45 to 0.88)*

0.80 (0.77 to 2.00)

0.74 (0.54 to 0.99)*

0.96 (0.55 to 1.68)

Current partners

   Monogamous

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Polygamous

2.37 (1.51 to 3.74)**

3.79 (1.64 to 8.73)*

1.96 (1.32 to 2.92)*

2.51 (1.26 to 4.97)**

Extra marital affairs of husband

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

3.06 (2.03 to 4.62)**

1.34(0.71 to 2.52)

2.53 (1.76 to 3.63)**

1.28 (0.72 to 2.29)

Respondent drink alcohol

   Never

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Light (occasional)

0.68 (0.53 to 0.88)*

0.59 (0.41 to 0.84)*

0.88 (0.69 to 1.13)

0.82 (0.54 to 1.25)

   Heavy

1.52 (1.06 to 2.17)*

1.07 (0.68 to 1.67)

1.91(1.36 to 2.69)*

1.51 (0.87 to 2.60)

Partner's drink alcohol (n = 1512)

   Never

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Light (occasional)

0.80 (0.61 to 1.05)

0.86 (0.56 to 1.32)

0.95 (0.73 to 1.23)

0.92 (0.60 to 1.41)

   Heavy

2.40 (1.73 to 3.34)**

1.98 (1.21 to 3.22)*

2.47 (1.81-3.31)*

1.88 (1.17 to 3.01)*

Fighting habit of partner

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

4.57 (3.20 to 6.53)**

3.96 (2.52 to 6.20)**

4.64 (3.34-6.46)*

4.17 (2.65 to 6.55)**

Age at first marriage

   10-14 years

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   15-19 years

1.78 (0.89 to 3.58)

1.80 (0.78 to 4.15)

1.91 (0.97 to 3.75)

3.41 (1.31 to 8.89)*

   20-24 years

2.18 (1.07 to 4.47)*

1.96 (0.83 to 4.62)

2.02 (1.01 to 4.05)*

2.93 (1.10 to 7.78)*

   ≥ 25 years

2.17 (0.85 to 5.50)

2.63 (0.87 to 7.99)

2.25 (0.92 to 5.49)

4.26 (1.27 to 14.2)*

First sexual intercourse

   Wanted

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Coerced†

1.76 (1.32 to 2.35)**

1.19 (0.77 to 1.86)

1.66 (1.27 to 2.16)**

1.27 (0.84 to 1.93)

Witnessed family violence

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

2.00 (1.54 to 2.56)**

1.65 (1.14 to 2.38)*

1.99 (1.56 to 2.54)**

1.66 (1.17 to 2.37)*

Women heard/seen violence as child

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

1.91 (1.48 to 2.48)**

1.49 (1.01 to 2.19)

1.95 (1.52 to 2.50)**

1.35 (0.98 to 1.86)

History of violence of mother-in-law

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

1.62 (1.22 to 2.16)*

1.05 (0.60 to 1.68)

1.69 (1.29 to 2.21)**

1.04 (0.66 to 1.63)