Participant characteristics associated with greater reductions in waist circumference during a four-month, pedometer-based, workplace health program

Freak-Poli, Rosanne LA; Wolfe, Rory; Walls, Helen; Backholer, Kathryn; Peeters, Anna

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-824

Table 2 Linear regression analyses assessing potential baseline and step-data predictors of waist circumference change

From: Participant characteristics associated with greater reductions in waist circumference during a four-month, pedometer-based, workplace health program

Group	Predictor Variable	n	Crude WC change	Univariate		Multivariable Approach 1^a		Multivariable Approach 2^b
				WC change (cm)	P-value	WC change (cm)	P-value	WC change (cm)	P-value
	DEMOGRAPHICS
1	Age (year)	539	-	-0.02	0.5	-0.02	0.5	-0.02	0.5
	Sex
	Female	305	-1.78	reference		reference		reference
	Male	234	-1.33	0.45	0.4	0.48	0.4	0.48	0.4
2	Socio Economic Status (by SEIFA %)
	Most Advantaged	189	-1.46	reference		reference		reference
	Advantaged	224	-1.50	-0.04	0.9	-0.16	0.7	-0.16	0.7
	Disadvantaged	92	-1.83	-0.37	0.8	-0.49	0.6	-0.49	0.6
	Most Disadvantaged	33	-2.68	-1.21	0.5	-1.07	0.4	-1.07	0.4
	Tertiary Education
	Not completed	115	-0.04	reference		reference		reference
	Completed	423	-2.04	-2.00	0.046	-2.13	0.016	-2.13	0.016
	Occupation
	Professional	221	-1.61	reference		reference		reference
	Associate professional	97	-2.41	-0.80	0.09	-1.05	0.09	-1.05	0.09
	Manager	96	-1.71	-0.10	0.9	0.07	0.9	0.07	0.9
	Clerical or Service	76	-1.10	0.51	0.7	0.15	0.9	0.15	0.9
	Marital Status
	Married/de facto	366	-1.38	reference		reference		reference
	Widowed/separated/divorced	46	-3.21	-1.84	0.07	-1.62	0.2	-1.62	0.2
	Never married	120	-1.85	-0.47	0.7	-0.46	0.6	-0.46	0.6
	BASELINE MEASURES
3	Prior GCC^® Participation^c	532	-1.62	0.08	0.9	0.09	0.8	0.09	0.8
	Reasons for Participation ^c
	Health	531	-1.94	-0.93	0.09	-0.71	0.3	-0.71	0.3
	To look my best	531	-1.82	-0.45	0.1	-0.27	0.3	-0.27	0.3
	Fitness	531	-1.75	-0.36	0.2	-0.09	0.7	-0.09	0.7
	Colleagues	531	-1.72	-0.20	0.6	-0.24	0.7	-0.24	0.7
	Friends or family	531	-2.14	-0.52	0.6	-0.92	0.4	-0.92	0.4
	Behavioural Measures
4	Fruit Intake
	Not meeting guidelines	364	-1.21	reference
	Meeting guidelines	168	-2.58	-1.37	0.06	-1.04	0.09	-1.01	0.1
	Vegetable Intake
	Not meeting guidelines	455	-1.49	reference
	Meeting guidelines	77	-2.56	-1.08	0.06	-0.38	0.6	-0.51	0.5
	Takeaway Dinner
	Once or less per month	246	-1.68	reference
	About once a week	214	-1.63	0.05	0.9	-0.70	0.2	-0.62	0.3
	More than once a week	72	-1.56	0.12	0.9	-0.67	0.6	-0.61	0.6
	Alcohol
	Not meeting guidelines	307	-1.42	reference
	Meeting guidelines	225	-1.95	-0.54	0.2	-0.58	0.035	-0.65	0.016
	Tobacco
	Smoker	50	-1.00	reference
	Non-smoker	482	-1.71	-0.71	0.4	0.13	0.9	0.32	0.7
	Physical Activity
	Not meeting guidelines	322	-1.49	reference
	Meeting guidelines	209	-1.87	-0.38	0.5	0.00	1.0	-0.10	0.9
	Sitting Time (per hour per day)
	Weekday	530	-	0.19	0.015	0.09	0.048	0.10	0.06
	Weekend	529	-	0.12	0.026	0.28	0.018	0.28	0.025
	Psychosocial Measures
5	Physical Functioning (SF12)	523	-	-0.06	0.09	-0.05	0.08	-0.05	0.2
	Mental Functioning (SF12)	523	-	0.00	0.9	-0.02	0.6	-0.01	0.5
	Anthropometric Measures ^d
6	Blood Pressure (mmHg)
	Systolic	517	-	-0.01	0.5	0.00	1.0	0.00	0.9
	Diastolic	517	-	0.03	0.2	-0.03	0.6	-0.03	0.5
	Not meeting guidelines	90	-1.72	reference
	Meeting guidelines	427	-1.51	0.20	0.6
	Heart rate (Mean, SD)	517	-	-0.03	0.3	-0.02	0.5	-0.04	0.2
	Weight (Mean, SD)^e	537	-	-0.02	0.4
	Body Mass Index
	Body Mass Index	222	-	-0.07	0.08	-0.08	0.08	-0.08	0.08
	Not meeting guidelines	315	-1.68	reference
	Meeting guidelines	222	-1.51	0.17	0.8
	Waist circumference^f
	Waist circumference	539	-	-0.12	0.001
	Not meeting guidelines	288	-2.86	reference
	Meeting guidelines	251	-0.12	2.74	0.001
	Biomedical Measures (fasting) ^d
7	Total Cholesterol
	Total Cholesterol	535	-	0.20	0.4	0.49	0.034	0.38	0.029
	Not meeting guidelines	150	-1.66	reference
	Meeting guidelines	385	-1.63	0.03	1.0
	Glucose
	Glucose	535	-	0.12	0.3	0.06	0.2	0.02	0.09
	Not meeting guidelines	20	0.05	reference
	Meeting guidelines	535	1.49	4.23	0.3
	Triglycerides
	Triglycerides	535	-	0.83	0.7	0.49	0.1	0.99	1.0
	Not meeting guidelines	109	0.10	reference
	Meeting guidelines	426	2.43	2.33	0.1
	Predicted risk scores ^d
8	Cardiovascular disease risk (next 10 years)
	CVD risk (continuous)	504	-	-0.03	0.6	-0.08	0.2	-0.11	0.4
	Low-risk	452	-1.61	reference
	Intermediate-risk	45	-1.76	-0.14	0.9
	High-risk	7	-2.91	-1.30	0.056
	Diabetes risk (next 5 years)^f
	Diabetes risk (continuous)	529	-	-0.09	0.09
	Low-risk	202	-1.26	reference
	Intermediate-risk	276	-1.55	-0.28	0.6
	High-risk	51	-3.45	-2.19	0.004
	WORKPLACE CHARACTERISTICS ^g
9	Public ownership (vs. private)	539	-2.00	-0.67	0.4	-0.57	0.2	-0.37	0.5
	Outer city location (vs. inner city)	539	-2.22	-0.37	0.7	0.16	0.8	0.06	1.0
	PROCESS MEASURES
	Step data ^d
10	Step average per day (per 10,000 steps)	538	-	-0.20	0.7	-0.25	0.8	0.12	0.9
	<10,000 steps average (per day)	179	-1.48	reference
	Meeting ≥10,000 steps average (per day)	359	-1.65	-0.17	0.7

^a Associated risk-factor subgroups adjusted only for baseline demographic confounders
^b Associated risk-factor subgroups adjusted for all potential predictors within the analysis step and above
^c The reference group for this binary variable is 'no'. The reference group data is not shown.
^d Continuous variables chosen over categorical variables
^e Excluded due to the inclusion of body mass index (BMI)
^f Excluded from model as baseline WC was not considered as a predictor.
^g The reference group for this binary variable is shown in brackets. The reference group data is not shown.

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