Table 1 Characteristics of the Studies Reviewed in the Meta-synthesis
Study | Reference | Country | Participants | Recruitment | Data collection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Albright et al., 2005 [13] | USA | 57 Filipino adolescents & adults | Purposive sampling | Focus groups |
2 | AlKhawari et al., 2005 [14] | UK | 141 Indo-Asian adults | Convenience sampling through Islamic centers | Semi-structured interviews & focus groups |
3 | Arriola et al., 2005 [15]; Arriola et al., 2007 [16] | USA | 68 African-American adults | Convenience sampling through Churches | Focus groups |
4 | Bhengu & Uys, 2004 [17] | South Africa | 1 non-Zulu speaking & 47 Zulu speaking adults | Purposive & snowball sampling | Semi-structured interviews |
5 | Braun & Nichols, 1997 [18] | USA | 7 Chinese American adults, 8 Japanese American adults, 10 Vietnamese American adults, & 11 Filipino American adults | Purposive & snowball sampling | Semi-structured interviews & focus groups |
6 | UK | 120 African & Caribbean adults | Purposive sampling | Focus groups | |
7 | Exley et al., 1996 [21] | UK | 22 Sikh adults | Purposive sampling | Semi-structured interviews & focus groups |
8 | Fahrenwald & Stabnow, 2005 [22] | USA | 21 Oglala Lakota Sioux adults | Snowball sampling | Semi-structured interviews |
9 | Frates & Garcia Bohrer, 2002 [23] | USA | 22 Hispanic adults | Telephone and purposive sampling | Semi-structured interviews |
10 | Hayward & Madill, 2003 [24] | UK | 10 Pakistani & 17 white English adults | Convenience & snowball sampling | Focus groups |
11 | Kennedy, 2002 [25] | India | 6 English-speaking adults†| Convenience sampling | Discursive interviews |
12 | Lai et al., 2007 [26] | UK | 14 adult women from the general population | Snowball sampling | Active interviews |
13 | Moloney & Walker, 2002 [27] | Australia | 29 adults from the general population | Randomly selected from electoral rolls | Focus groups |
14 | Molzahn et al., 2004 [28] | Canada | 14 Coast Salish adults | Purposive & snowball sampling | Semi-structured interviews |
15 | Molzahn et al., 2005 [29] | Canada | 39 Chinese adults | Purposive & snowball sampling | Focus groups & semi-structured interviews |
16 | Molzahn et al., 2005 [30] | Canada | 40 South Asian adults | Purposive & snowball sampling | Focus groups & semi-structured interviews |
17 | Morgan, Mayblin et al., 2008 [31] | UK | 14 Caribbean adults | Convenience & snow-ball sampling | Semi-structured interviews |
18 | Morgan, Harrison et al., 2008 [32]; Morgan et al., 2005 [33] | USA | 78 family-pair dyads (156 adults) from the general population | Advertisements | Observation of communication between dyads |
19 | Peters et al., 1996 [34] | USA | 51 registered donors & 51 non-registered donors from the general population | Not specified | Focus groups |
20 | Randhawa, 1998 [35] | UK | 16 Sikh, 32 Muslim & 16 Hindu adults, all originally from South Asia | Randomly selected from electoral rolls | Focus groups |
21 | Sanner, 1994 [36] | Sweden | 38 adults from the general population | Purposive sampling | Semi-structured interviews |
22 | Sanner, 2001 [37] | Sweden | 69 adults from the general population | Purposive sampling | Semi-structured interviews |
23 | Thompson, 1993 [38] | USA | 30 African-American adolescents & 26 African-American adults | Convenience sampling | Focus groups |
24 | Wittig, 2001 [39] | USA | 10 African-American women | Purposive sampling | Semi-structured interviews |