Table 2 Socio-demographic correlates of stunting and thinness among primary school children in Lahore, Pakistan
| Â | Total Sample (n = 1860) | Stunted < -2 SD height-for-age (n = 152) | Thin < -2 SD BMI-for-age (n = 188) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n (%) | n (%) | P value | n (%) | P value |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 977 (52.5) | 84 (8.6) | 0.481 | 99 (10.1) | 0.969 |
   Female | 883 (47.5) | 68 (7.7) |  | 89 (10.1) |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   5-6 years (60-83 months) | 460 (24.7) | 19 (4.1) | < 0.001 | 52 (11.3) | 0.003 |
   7-8 years (84-107 months) | 634 (34.1) | 40 (6.3) |  | 52 (8.2) |  |
   9-10 years (108-131 months) | 579 (31.1) | 58 (10.0) |  | 52 (9.0) |  |
   11-12 years (132-155 months) | 187 (10.1) | 35 (18.7) |  | 32 (17.1) |  |
Area and socioeconomic status (SES) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Urban, high SES | 465 (25.0) | 13 (2.8) | < 0.001 | 23 (4.9) | < 0.001 |
   Urban, middle SES | 465 (25.0) | 11 (2.4) |  | 33 (7.1) |  |
   Urban, low SES | 465 (25.0) | 47 (10.1) |  | 65 (14.0) |  |
   Rural, low/disadvantaged SES | 465 (25.0) | 81 (17.4) |  | 67 (14.4) |  |
Neighborhood income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Low | 651 (35.0) | 109 (16.7) | < 0.001 | 93 (14.3) | < 0.001 |
   Middle | 910 (48.9) | 37 (4.1) |  | 80 (8.8) |  |
   High | 299 (16.1) | 06 (2.0) |  | 15 (5.0) |  |
Parental education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Illiterate | 366 (19.7) | 51 (13.9) | < 0.001 | 55 (15.0) | < 0.001 |
   High school | 496 (26.7) | 60 (12.1) |  | 63 (12.7) |  |
   College | 531 (28.5) | 20 (3.8) |  | 44 (8.3) |  |
   Higher education | 467 (25.1) | 21 (4.5) |  | 26 (5.6) |  |
Number of siblings | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 26 (1.4) | 01 (3.8) | < 0.001 | 02 (7.7) | 0.016 |
   1-3 | 1008 (54.2) | 51 (5.1) |  | 84 (8.3) |  |
   > 3 | 826 (44.4) | 100 (12.1) |  | 102 (12.3) |  |
Number of persons in child's living room | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 116 (6.2) | 01 (0.9) | < 0.001 | 03 (2.6) | 0.006 |
   1-3 | 791 (42.5) | 50 (6.3) |  | 74 (9.4) |  |
   > 3 | 953 (51.2) | 101 (10.6) |  | 111 (11.6) |  |
Smoking in living place | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 546 (29.4) | 65 (11.9) | < 0.001 | 56 (10.3) | 0.891 |
   No | 1314 (70.6) | 87 (6.6) |  | 132 (10.0) |  |