From: Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Nauru
Normal | Prediabetes | New diabetes | Known diabetes | p-value trend | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MEN (n = 800) | |||||
N (%) | 602 (78.95) | 51 (6.39) | 79 (8.50) | 68 (6.15) | |
Age in years, mean ± SE | 31.21 ± 0.48 | 32.92 ± 1.75 | 39.80 ± 1.58 | 46.60 ± 1.18 | < 0.0001 |
Education in years, mean ± SE | 9.65 ± 0.10 | 9.97 ± 0.31 | 10.01 ± 0.24 | 9.90 ± 0.32 | 0.15 |
Height in cm, mean ± SE | 168.20 ± 0.27 | 168.52 ± 0.82 | 168.38 ± 0.61 | 168.30 ± 0.61 | 0.78 |
Weight in kg, mean ± SE | 91.61 ± 1.00 | 93.71 ± 2.95 | 104.77 ± 2.77 | 90.92 ± 2.16 | 0.02 |
BMI in kg/m2, mean ± SE | 32.26 ± 0.32 | 32.97 ± 0.99 | 36.77 ± 0.84 | 32.12 ± 0.76 | 0.01 |
Waist circumference in cm, mean ± SE | 100.58 ± 1.62 | 101.93 ± 2.33 | 116.55 ± 7.23 | 102.68 ± 1.72 | 0.06 |
Systolic blood pressure in mmHg, mean ± SE | 129.49 ± 0.65 | 131.82 ± 2.26 | 134.35 ± 1.83 | 140.02 ± 3.13 | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg, mean ± SE | 77.96 ± 0.50 | 80.68 ± 1.59 | 85.02 ± 1.27 | 85.26 ± 1.51 | < 0.0001 |
Heart rate in beats/minute, mean ± SE | 69.08 ± 4.41 | 72.42 ± 2.59 | 81.37 ± 12.85 | 73.25 ± 1.19 | 0.44 |
Fasting blood glucose in mmol/l, mean ± SE | 4.24 ± 0.04 | 6.28 ± 0.02 | 8.67 ± 0.27 | 10.41 ± 0.37 | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol in mmol/l, mean ± SE | 4.28 ± 0.04 | 4.86 ± 0.16 | 5.24 ± 0.16 | 5.18 ± 0.14 | < 0.0001 |
High risk drinker1, yes % | 18.57 | 16.82 | 24.82 | 19.72 | 0.63 |
Current smoker1, yes % | 46.56 | 52.58 | 45.44 | 45.77 | 0.88 |
Fruit in serves/day, mean ± SE | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.69 |
Vegetables in serves/day, mean ± SE | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.45 ± 0.14 | 0.41 ± 0.06 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 0.31 |
Total physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 131.49 ± 6.72 | 120.20 ± 24.56 | 121.02 ± 12.92 | 94.78 ± 16.50 | 0.11 |
Work physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 85.67 ± 5.67 | 98.62 ± 23.32 | 89.89 ± 11.82 | 72.84 ± 41.19 | 0.81 |
Commuting physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 24.32 ± 1.94 | 8.17 ± 1.89 | 10.58 ± 2.52 | 15.46 ± 4.04 | 0.003 |
Leisure physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 21.44 ± 2.23 | 12.73 ± 5.30 | 20.56 ± 6.76 | 6.40 ± 2.42 | 0.06 |
Sedentary activity in hours per day, mean ± SE | 4.16 ± 0.13 | 4.26 ± 0.57 | 4.53 ± 0.44 | 3.97 ± 0.42 | 0.81 |
Normal | Prediabetes | New diabetes | Known diabetes | p-value trend | |
WOMEN (n = 792) | |||||
N (%) | 570 (75.93) | 51 (5.95) | 74 (8.49) | 97 (9.62) | |
Age in years, mean ± SE | 32.01 ± 0.48 | 37.75 ± 1.59 | 39.62 ± 1.58 | 46.26 ± 0.90 | < 0.0001 |
Education in years, mean ± SE | 9.96 ± 0.10 | 10.11 ± 0.42 | 10.20 ± 0.23 | 9.96 ± 0.20 | 0.63 |
Height in cm, mean ± SE | 156.93 ± 0.22 | 156.31 ± 0.72 | 157.11 ± 0.60 | 156.56 ± 0.65 | 0.65 |
Weight in kg, mean ± SE | 83.15 ± 0.92 | 82.02 ± 2.72 | 91.10 ± 2.46 | 83.73 ± 1.93 | 0.13 |
BMI in kg/m2, mean ± SE | 33.68 ± 0.36 | 33.50 ± 1.03 | 36.86 ± 0.95 | 34.03 ± 0.69 | 0.09 |
Waist circumference in cm, mean ± SE | 96.16 ± 0.70 | 96.89 ± 2.22 | 105.10 ± 1.94 | 100.77 ± 1.42 | < 0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure in mmHg, mean ± SE | 118.91 ± 0.67 | 123.29 ± 3.19 | 125.34 ± 2.32 | 215.34 ± 2.24 | 0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg, mean ± SE | 76.55 ± 0.46 | 78.33 ± 1.80 | 79.33 ± 1.22 | 78.32 ± 1.15 | 0.03 |
Heart rate in beats/minute, mean ± SE | 75.99 ± 1.92 | 71.64 ± 1.42 | 74.22 ± 1.95 | 76.06 ± 1.03 | 0.82 |
Fasting blood glucose in mmol/l, mean ± SE | 4.28 ± 0.04 | 6.29 ± 0.02 | 8.71 ± 0.22 | 10.88 ± 0.27 | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol in mmol/l, mean ± SE | 4.54 ± 0.04 | 5.65 ± 0.23 | 5.15 ± 0.16 | 5.60 ± 0.14 | < 0.0001 |
High risk drinker1, yes % | 10.62 | 12.43 | 10.63 | 12.63 | 0.94 |
Current smoker1, yes % | 56.37 | 60.54 | 51.81 | 59.37 | 0.77 |
Fruit in serves/day, mean ± SE | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.08 | 0.92 |
Vegetables in serves/day, mean ± SE | 0.58 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.13 | 0.64 ± 0.13 | 0.61 ± 0.15 | 0.79 |
Total physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 80.44 ± 5.17 | 85.76 ± 18.41 | 123.92 ± 18.03 | 79.15 ± 15.21 | 0.25 |
Work physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 56.67 ± 4.86 | 67.47 ± 17.85 | 89.65 ± 15.42 | 57.55 ± 14.89 | 0.29 |
Commuting physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 18.93 ± 1.54 | 11.35 ± 3.17 | 18.67 ± 4.05 | 16.63 ± 3.79 | 0.50 |
Leisure physical activity in minutes per day, mean ± SE | 5.19 ± 1.12 | 4.97 ± 2.88 | 15.09 ± 7.65 | 4.13 ± 1.59 | 0.38 |
Sedentary activity in hours per day, mean ± SE | 3.74 ± 0.13 | 3.14 ± 0.45 | 3.50 ± 0.41 | 3.60 ± 0.36 | 0.47 |