Anxiety and depression lowers blood pressure: 22-year follow-up of the population based HUNT study, Norway

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Association of anxiety and depression¹ at 11-year follow-up (HUNT 2) with change in blood pressure from 11-year to 22-year follow-up (HUNT 3)

	Adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and BP²at HUNT 2			Additionally adjusted for depression or anxiety, respectively
	B	P	R ²	B	P	R ²
Systolic blood pressure
Anxiety, per SD increase	-0.41	0.001	0.26	-0.23	0.145	0.26
Anxiety, case level³	-0.70	0.049	0.26	-0.54	0.159	0.26
Depression, per SD increase	-0.46	< 0.001	0.26	-0.31	0.045	0.26
Depression, case level³	-0.74	0.078	0.26	0.48	0.294	0.26
Diastolic blood pressure
Anxiety, per SD increase	-0.21	0.004	0.34	-0.15	0.102	0.34
Anxiety, case level³	-0.40	0.051	0.34	-0.31	0.161	0.34
Depression, per SD increase	-0.20	0.006	0.34	-0.11	0.223	0.34
Depression, case level³	-0.42	0.085	0.34	-0.27	0.303	0.34

BP, blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; B, mm Hg change in BP during follow-up from linear regression analyses.
¹Measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
²Systolic or diastolic.
³Case level = score ≥ 8 on HADS-A or HADS-D, respectively.

ISSN: 1471-2458