Table 1 Advertisements warning about tobacco risks, health risks posed by passive smoking and parental influence on children smoking

Total

6258

5256 (84.0) (7 missing)

5612 (90.0)

5986 (95.7)

Age group

14-19

1144 (18.3)

740(64.7)

1

1041 (91.0)

1

1094 (95.6)

1

20-29

1686 (26.9)

1605(95.2)

1.21 (0.99-1.48)

1521 (90.2)

1.08(0.79-1.47)

1593 (94.5)

1.49(1.0-2.24)

30-39

1277 (20.4)

1079(84.5)

1.30 (1.07-1.56)

1157 (90.6)

1.07(0.80-1.42)

1233 (96.6)

1.85(1.25-2.75)

40-49

810 (12.9)

710(87.7)

1.68 (1.27-2.22)

721 (88.9)

0.89(0.67-1.17)

787 (97.0)

2.22(1.43-3.45)

50+

1341 (21.4)

1122(83.7)

1.18 (0.89-1.56)

1172 (87.4)

0.78(0.55-1.11)

1279 (95.4)

1.35(1.02-1.79)

p = 0.017

P = 0.056

p = 0.02

Pt = 0.15

Pt = 0.022

Pt = 0.18

Gender

Male

2274 (36.3)

2001(88.0)

1

2034 (89.5)

1

2132 (93.8)

1

Female

3984 (63.7)

3255(81.8)

0.60 (0.52-0.70)

3578 (89.8)

1.04(0.81-1.33)

3854 (96.7)

0.51 (0.39-0.69)

P < 0.001

P = 0.74

P < 0.001

Locality type

Urban

3161 (50.5)

2575(81.6)

1

2845 (90.0)

1

3011 (95.3)

1

Rural

3097 (49.5)

2681(86.7)

1.46 (1.14-1.87)

2767 (89.3)

0.94(0.68-1.29)

2975 (96.1)

1.9 (1.46-2.58)

p = 0.004

P = 0.68

P = 0.30

Smoking Status

Non smoker

6045 (96.6)

5070(84.0)

1

5437 (90.0)

1

5801 (96.0)

1

Smoker

213 (3.4)

186(87.3)

1.08 (0.66-1.76)

175 (82.2)

0.52(0.31-0.88)

185 (86.9)

0.34(0.20-0.57)

p = 0.76

P = 0.017

P = 0.0002

Education

Illiterate

1004 (16.0)

810 (80.8)

1

889 (88.6)

1

953 (94.9)

1

Primary

765 (12.2)

644 (84.3)

1.32 (1.05-1.64)

678 (88.6)

0.92(0.65-1.29)

736 (96.2)

1.50 (0.88-2.57)

Secondary

4206 (67.2)

3554 (84.6)

1.42 (1.11-1.81)

3789 (90.1)

1.03(0.77-1.37)

4027 (95.7)

1.50 (0.99-2.28)

Tertiary

283 (4.5)

248 (87.6)

1.70 (1.12-2.58)

256 (90.5)

1.10(0.64-1.92)

270 (95.4)

1.60(0.85-2.99)

p = 0.025

P = 0.90

P = 0.18

Pt < 0.05

Pt = 0.66

Pt = 0.04

Ethnicity

Akan

5423 (86.7)

4568 (84.3)

1

4886 (90.1)

1

5193 (95.8)

1

Ewe

59 (0.9)

48 (81.4)

0.84 (0.38-1.87)

54 (91.5)

1.13(0.42-1.29)

57 (96.6)

1.33 (0.35-5.07)

Dagomba

43 (0.7)

39 (90.1)

1.95 (0.54-7.00)

43 (100)

1.23(0.67-1.34)

42 (97.7)

1.74(0.22-3.41)

Other

733 (11.7)

601 (82.2)

0.86 (0.65-1.13)

629 (85.8)

0.65(0.51-0.83)

694 (94.7)

0.79 (0.53-1.18)

p = 0.575

p = 0.002

p = 0.66

Religion

Christian

5699(91.1)

4947 (86.8)

1

5107 (89.6)

1

5452 (95.7)

1

Muslim

424 (6.8)

342 (81.0)

0.79 (0.66-0.95)

377 (88.9)

0.94(0.64-1.39)

401 (94.6)

0.85 (0.48-1.51)

Traditionali st

82 (1.3)

77 (93.9)

2.16 (0.79-5.94)

80 (97.6)

5.00 (1.2-20.8)

80 (97.6)

2.24 (0.53-9.42)

Other

53 (0.9)

40 (75.5)

0.47 (0.22-0.98)

48 (90.6)

1.17(0.37-3.73)

53 (100)

2.12 (0.62-3.12)

P < 0.05

p = 0.190

p = 0.49