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Table 1 Baseline and 1-year or 3-year follow-up data in the control and intervention groups.

From: Prevention of type 2 diabetes in a primary healthcare setting: Three-year results of lifestyle intervention in Japanese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Parameters

Control group

Intervention group

P value b

 

Baseline a

(n = 131)

1-year

(n = 131)

3-year

(n = 110)

Baseline

(n = 123)

1-year

(n = 123)

3-year

(n = 103)

at 1-year

mark

at 3-year

mark

Energy intake (kcal)

2455 ± 838

2292 ± 739*

2153 ± 734*

2299 ± 788

2097 ± 895*

2016 ± 677*

0.647

0.794

   Fat c (%)

27.5 ± 5.2

27.4 ± 5.2

27.8 ± 5.4

26.5 ± 5.6

25.5 ± 5.6*

25.7 ± 5.2

0.088

0.110

   Alcohol (g)

21.0 ± 36.1

18.6 ± 29.2

13.7 ± 23.2*

20.1 ± 44.8

24.6 ± 87.7

15.7 ± 29.8

0.171

0.149

Leisure time physical activity (kcal)

136 ± 159

163 ± 172*

181 ± 201*

91 ± 132

155 ± 180*

161 ± 215*

0.078

0.214

   Exercise (kcal)

57 ± 79

86 ± 99*

92 ± 105*

43 ± 88

82 ± 122*

74 ± 117*

0.474

0.958

   Exercise (minutes per week)

118 ± 160

184 ± 206*

185 ± 229*

91 ± 187

184 ± 262*

160 ± 229*

0.339

0.556

   Non-exercise (kcal) d

79 ± 139

76 ± 133

90 ± 174

49 ± 85

74 ± 119*

88 ± 186*

0.045

0.148

Weight (kg)

63.9 ± 11.7

63.1 ± 11.7*

62.5 ± 11.2*

64.9 ± 12.9

63.5 ± 12.9*

63.1 ± 12.9*

0.023

0.069

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.5 ± 3.2

24.2 ± 3.1*

24.4 ± 3.3*

24.8 ± 3.6

24.2 ± 3.6*

24.3 ± 3.7*

0.022

0.051

Waist circumference (cm)

84.4 ± 9.4

83.3 ± 8.6*

84.2 ± 9.5

85.9 ± 10.9

84.2 ± 10.5*

84.7 ± 11.9

0.309

0.362

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)

6.1 ± 0.5

5.9 ± 0.6

6.0 ± 0.9

5.9 ± 0.5

5.8 ± 0.6*

6.0 ± 0.8

0.698

0.481

2-hplasma glucose (mmol/l)

9.0 ± 0.9

8.3 ± 2.0*

8.5 ± 2.4

9.2 ± 0.9

8.0 ± 2.1*

8.4 ± 2.5*

0.083

0.553

Fasting insulin (pmol/l)

43.8 ± 21.6

44.4 ± 40.8

45.8 ± 23.9

43.2 ± 22.2

44.4 ± 25.2

47.6 ± 36.1

0.861

0.632

2-h insulin (pmol/l)

330.6 ± 211.8

308.4 ± 178.8

377.4 ± 280.7

337.8 ± 199.8

342.0 ± 271.2

390.0 ± 374.2

0.413

0.999

Matsuda index e

5.4 ± 3.5

5.6 ± 3.3

5.3 ± 3.2

4.8 ± 2.3

5.9 ± 3.7*

5.5 ± 3.4*

<0.001

<0.001

Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/l)

25 ± 8

25 ± 12

26 ± 15

25 ± 12

23 ± 13

25 ± 17

0.170

0.977

Alanine aminotranseferase (IU/l)

25 ± 16

26 ± 17

27 ± 16

26 ± 18

24 ± 17

25 ± 14

0.212

0.520

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (IU/l)

53 ± 58

59 ± 91

59 ± 97*

48 ± 46

44 ± 47*

43 ± 66

0.041

0.158

  1. Data are means ± SDs. a There were no significant differences in any of the baseline variables between the control and intervention groups except for non-exercise physical activity. b P values for differences in change between groups. c Proportion of energy derived from dietary fat. d Non-exercise leisure time physical activity includes gardening, carpentry, shopping, and playing a musical instrument. e The Matsuda index is an insulin sensitivity index derived from oral glucose testing. * P value < 0.05 (Baseline vs. 1-year or 3-year).
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BMC Public Health

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