From: Needle and syringe programs in Yunnan, China yield health and financial return
 |  | 2002-2008 | 2002-Lifetime | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cumulative number of cases | Â | W/o NSPs | With NSPs | Averted | W/o NSPs | With NSPs | Averted |
DALYsa | (SF = 2.5) | 44,391 | 43,007 | 1,384 | 128,879 | 116,126 | 12,753 |
 | (SF = 4.0) | 76,606 | 74,628 | 1,978 | 225,854 | 207,582 | 18,272 |
HIV incidence | (SF = 2.5) | 25,975 | 20,712 | 5,263 | 25,975 | 20,712 | 5,263 |
 | (SF = 4.0) | 45,511 | 37,970 | 7,541 | 45,511 | 37,970 | 7,541 |
Number of total infected patients in 2008 | (SF = 2.5) | 35,741 | 30,998 | 4,743 | 35,741 | 30,998 | 4,743 |
 | (SF = 4.0) | 63,111 | 56,313 | 6,797 | 63,111 | 56,313 | 6,797 |
Number of patients on ART in 2008 | (SF = 2.5) | 1,800 | 1,739 | 61 | 1,800 | 1,739 | 61 |
 | (SF = 4.0) | 3,107 | 3,020 | 87 | 3,107 | 3,020 | 87 |
Number of TE patients (person-years) | (SF = 2.5) | 58,664 | 57,815 | 849 | 174,166 | 158,819 | 15,347 |
 | (SF = 4.0) | 100,675 | 99,462 | 1,213 | 304,298 | 282,308 | 21,990 |
Number of patients on ART (person-years) | (SF = 2.5) | 3,083 | 3,025 | 58 | 68,004 | 60,483 | 7,522 |
 | (SF = 4.0) | 5,307 | 5,224 | 83 | 119,487 | 108,710 | 10,777 |
Governmental investment (millions, in 2009 dollars with 3% discount) | |||||||
Total NSP investmentb | Â | -- | $1.04 m | -- | -- | $1.04 m | -- |
Expenses stratified by service items | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Viral load testsc | (SF = 2.5) | $1.03 m | $1.01 m | $0.02 m | $15.43 m | $13.86 m | $1.57 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $1.77 m | $1.74 m | $0.03 m | $27.06 m | $24.81 m | $2.25 m |
   CD4 load testsd | (SF = 2.5) | $21.96 m | $21.10 m | $0.85 m | $50.80 m | $45.97 m | $4.83 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $38.00 m | $36.78 m | $1.22 m | $88.99 m | $82.07 m | $6.92 m |
   Provision of ARTe | (SF = 2.5) | $10.29 m | $10.09 m | $0.19 m | $154.31 m | $138.57 m | $15.74 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $17.71 m | $17.43 m | $0.27 m | $270.60 m | $248.05 m | $22.55 m |
   Subsidies on Treatment of OIsf | (SF = 2.5) | $26.40 m | $26.04 m | $0.36 m | $61.77 m | $57.14 m | $4.63 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $45.29 m | $44.77 m | $0.51 m | $107.59 m | $100.95 m | $6.63 m |
   Subsidies on Chinese herbal treatmentg | (SF = 2.5) | $1.24 m | $1.23 m | $0.02 m | $2.91 m | $2.69 m | $0.22 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $2.13 m | $2.11 m | $0.02 m | $5.06 m | $4.75 m | $0.31 m |
   Total expenses associated with infection | (SF = 2.5) | $60.91 m | $59.47 m | $1.44 m | $285.22 m | $258.23 m | $26.99 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $104.89 m | $102.83 m | $2.06 m | $499.30 m | $460.63 m | $38.66 m |
Expenses stratified by target groups | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Expenses on HIV asymptomatic patientsh | (SF = 2.5) | $14.86 m | $14.11 m | $0.75 m | $26.90 m | $24.09 m | $2.80 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $25.82 m | $24.74 m | $1.08 m | $47.26 m | $43.24 m | $4.02 m |
   Expenses on AIDS patientsi | (SF = 2.5) | $34.16 m | $33.70 m | $0.46 m | $79.94 m | $73.95 m | $5.99 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $58.61 m | $57.94 m | $0.66 m | $139.23 m | $130.65 m | $8.58 m |
   Expenses on AIDS patients on ARTj | (SF = 2.5) | $11.89 m | $11.67 m | $0.22 m | $178.38 m | $160.19 m | $18.19 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $20.47 m | $20.15 m | $0.32 m | $312.81 m | $286.75 m | $26.06 m |
   Total expenses associated with infection | (SF = 2.5) | $60.91 m | $59.47 m | $1.44 m | $285.22 m | $258.23 m | $26.99 m |
 | (SF = 4.0) | $104.89 m | $102.83 m | $2.06 m | $499.30 m | $460.63 m | $38.66 m |
Cost Benefit Analysis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Cost/DALY averted | (SF = 2.5) |  | $753 |  |  | $82 |  |
 | (SF = 4.0) |  | $527 |  |  | $57 |  |
   Benefit-cost ratio (ratio of expenses saved to investment) | (SF = 2.5) |  | 1.38 |  |  | 25.89 |  |
 | (SF = 4.0) |  | 1.97 |  |  | 37.09 |  |
   Cost/Infection averted | (SF = 2.5) |  | $198 |  |  | $198 |  |
 | (SF = 4.0) |  | $138 |  |  | $138 |  |