Skip to main content

Table 3 Predictors of taking preventive measures and strong intention to comply with measures regarding Influenza A (H1N1)

From: Perceived risk, anxiety, and behavioural responses of the general public during the early phase of the Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands: results of three consecutive online surveys

 

Taking one or more preventive measures

Strong intention to comply with government-advised preventive

measures in the future†

 

Row %

ORu

95% CI

p-value

ORm

95% CI

p-value

Row %

ORu

95% CI

p-value

ORm

95% CI

p-value

Demographic characteristics

              

Sex

              

   male

36.9

1.00

     

45.3

1.00

     

   female

41.5

1.21

0.93-1.58

0.1

-

-

-

53.0

1.36

1.05-1.76

0.02

-

-

-

Age

              

   18-29 years

35.1

1.00

 

ns

-

-

-

28.9

1.00

 

<0.001

1.00

 

0.007

   30-49 years

36.2

1.05

0.67-1.64

    

44.2

1.95

1.23-3.08

 

1.77

0.94-3.35

 

   above 50 years

42.0

1.34

0.88-2.05

    

57.1

3.27

2.10-5.10

 

2.61

1.39-4.90

 

Ethnicity

              

   Dutch

39.1

1.00

 

ns

-

-

-

49.4

1.00

 

ns

-

-

-

   non-Dutch

39.0

1.00

0.62-1.60

    

45.5

0.86

0.54-1.37

    

Education

              

   low

37.8

1.00

 

ns

-

-

-

56.3

1.00

 

0.002

-

-

-

   intermediate

40.2

1.11

0.82-1.50

    

45.9

0.66

0.49-0.89

    

   high

39.3

1.07

0.76-1.49

    

42.6

0.58

0.42-0.80

    

Employment status

              

   employed

38.9

1.00

 

ns

-

-

-

41.5

1.00

     

   unemployed/retired

39.4

1.02

0.78-1.33

    

58.9

2.02

1.55-2.63

<0.001

-

-

-

Marital status

              

   single

39.4

1.00

 

ns

-

-

-

41.7

1.00

 

0.04

   

   married/cohabited

39.3

0.99

0.71-1.39

    

50.1

1.40

1.01-1.96

    

   divorced/widowed

36.2

0.87

0.49-1.55

    

58.0

1.93

1.10-3.39

 

-

-

-

   Children < 18 yrs in household

              

   yes

34.0

1.00

  

1.00

  

44.8

1.00

     

   no

40.9

1.35

0.99-1.82

0.06

1.45

1.04-2.00

0.03

50.6

1.27

0.94-1.69

0.1

-

-

-

Knowledge score

              

   <4

36.5

1.00

     

47.0

1.00

 

ns

-

-

-

   ≥4

41.1

1.22

0.93-1.59

0.1

-

-

-

50.6

1.15

0.89-1.49

    

Perceived severity (summary score)

              

   low severity

34.0

1.00

     

37.3

1.00

  

1.00

  

   high severity

44.5

1.56

1.20-2.03

0.001

-

-

-

61.7

2.71

2.08-3.53

<0.001

1.62

1.07-2.44

0.02

Perceived vulnerability (summary score)

              

   low vulnerability

35.4

1.00

     

45.2

1.00

     

   high vulnerability

47.5

1.66

1.25-2.20

<0.001

-

-

-

57.7

1.66

1.25-2.19

<0.001

-

-

-

Anxiety (summary score)

              

   low anxiety

30.6

1.00

  

1.00

  

39.5

1.00

  

1.00

  

   high anxiety

53.1

2.57

1.96-3.38

<0.001

1.93

1.43-2.61

<0.001

64.8

2.81

2.14-3.70

<0.001

2.22

1.44-3.42

<0.001

Perceived efficacy (summary score)

              

   low efficacy

32.8

1.00

     

31.0

1.00

  

1.00

  

   high efficacy

46.4

1.77

1.36-2.31

<0.001

-

-

-

70.1

5.21

3.94-6.89

<0.001

2.57

1.77-3.74

<0.001

Perceived self-efficacy (summary score)

              

   low self-efficacy

31.3

1.00

  

1.00

  

18.4

1.00

  

1.00

  

   high self-efficacy

48.6

2.08

1.59-2.72

<0.001

1.68

1.26-2.22

<0.001

86.3

27.9

19.5-39.8

<0.001

21.53

14.70-31.55

<0.001

Maladaptive response (summary score)

              

   Underestimation statements

              

   (fully) disagree/not disagree-agree (1-3)

43.0

1.00

     

56.5

1.00

     

   (fully) agree (4-5)

33.4

0.67

0.51-0.87

0.003

-

-

-

38.2

0.48

0.36-0.62

<0.001

-

-

-

   Fatalism statements

              

   (fully) disagree/not disagree-agree (1-3)

43.3

1.00

     

57.1

1.00

     

   (fully) agree (4-5)

34.1

0.68

0.52-0.89

0.004

-

-

-

39.5

0.49

0.38-0.64

<0.001

-

-

-

   Avoidance statements

              

   (fully) disagree/not disagree-agree (1-3)

34.6

1.00

  

1.00

  

45.7

1.00

     

   (fully) agree (4-5)

46.2

1.63

1.24-2.13

<0.001

1.43

1.07-1.90

0.02

54.3

1.41

1.08-1.84

0.01

-

-

-

Amount of information received

              

   nothing/little/some (1-3)

33.2

1.00

     

46.2

1.00

     

   much/very much (4-5)

44.8

1.64

1.25-2.13

<0.001

-

-

-

51.8

1.25

0.97-1.62

0.09

-

-

-

Attention paid to the information

              

   (very) little/some (1-3)

33.1

1.00

  

1.00

  

44.4

1.00

     

   much/very much (4-5)

61.3

3.19

2.31-4.40

<0.001

2.36

1.67-3.33

<0.001

66.7

2.51

1.81-3.47

<0.001

-

-

-

Reliability of governmental information

              

   not (at all)/little reliable (1-3)

36.0

1.00

     

39.8

1.00

  

1.00

  

   (very) reliable (4-5)

42.7

1.33

1.02-1.73

0.04

-

-

-

59.9

2.26

1.74-2.94

<0.001

1.74

1.19-2.55

0.004

Sufficiency of governmental information

              

   not (at all)/little sufficient (1-3)

36.8

1.00

     

46.2

1.00

     

   (very) sufficient (4-5)

41.5

1.22

0.94-1.59

0.1

-

-

-

52.0

1.26

0.97-1.63

0.08

-

-

-

R2

    

0.14

      

0.60

  
  1. Data from survey 3 were used for the regression analyses (August 2009, n = 934).
  2. ORu : univariate odds ratio; ORm : multivariate odds ratio; ns: not statistically significant.
  3. Included preventive measures, i.e. 1) keep away from crowded places; 2) practice better hygiene; 3) avoid persons with the new flu; 4) wear face mask; 5) seek medical advice with the onset of flu symptoms;
  4. 6) take antiviral medication; 7) stay home from school or work; 8) get a new vaccine against the new flu.
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us