Table 3 Results of measured outcomes and direction of effect reported at the end of the study: 1 year follow-up or less, and 3-years or more (1990-2009)
Author, year, reference # follow-up time | Reduction in diabetes incidence (%, OR, RR) | Incidence of diabetes | Improvement of FPG or 2 h PG in mmol/L | % participants achieving ≥ 5% weight loss | Mean weight loss Kg | Mean reduction in WC (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Results at one year or earlier | ||||||
McTigue, 2009 [84] 1 year | NR | NR | NR | 27% of intervention vs. 6% of controls achieved 7% weight loss | -5.2 Kg intervention vs. +0.2 Kg control | NR |
Bo, 2007 [48] 1 year | Adjusted OR = 0.23 (0.06-0.85) | 1.8% in intervention vs. 7.2% in controls | -0.26 mmol/L FPG intervention vs. +0.07 controls OR for IFG = 0.22 (0.13-0.39) | Â | -0.75 Kg in intervention vs. +1.63 Kg in controls | -2.55 cm in intervention vs. +1.96 cm in controls |
Laatikainen, 2007 [83] 1 year | 23% based on weight loss; 40% based on WC reduction | 2.2% of IGT or IFG participants | -0.14 mmol/L | NR | -2.5 Kg | -4.2 cm |
Kosaka, 2005 [49] 1 year | NR | NR | NR | NR | -2.5 Kg in intervention vs.-0.39 Kg in control | NR |
Absetz, 2005 [82] 1 year | NR | 6% of those meeting 4-5 goals vs. 3% of those meeting 3 or fewer goals | +0.1 mmol/L ± 0.6 | 12% achieved 5% weight loss | -0.8 Kg ± 4.5 Kg | -1.6 cm ± 4.8 cm |
Torgerson, 2004 [80] 1 year | NR | NR | NR | 72.8% in medication + lifestyle vs. 45.1% in placebo + lifestyle | -10.6 Kg in medication+lifestyle vs. -6.2 Kg in placebo+ lifestyle | -9.6 cm in medication+lifestyle vs. -7.0 cm in placebo+ lifestyle |
Dyson, 1997 [50] 1 year | NR | NR | -0.1 mol/L in intervention vs.-0.2 mmol/L in control | NR | -0.4 Kg in intervention vs. -0.2 Kg in control | NR |
Whittemore, 2009 [78] 6 months | NR | N/A | Reported no difference between groups, but no data shown | 25% interv vs. 11% control | Â | -0.5 cm intervention vs. -0.1 cm control |
Greaves, 2008 [86] 6 months | NR | N/A | NR | 23.6% interv vs.7.2% control | Mean difference 1.3 Kg | Mean difference -1.6 cm |
Barclay, 2008 [87] 6 months | NR | N/A | -0.02 mmol/L FPG intervention vs. +0.25 mmol/L control at 6 months | Â | -2.73 Kg intervention vs. -0.3 Kg control | -6.01 cm intervention vs. -1.18 cm control |
Pagoto, 2008 [14] 4 months | NR | N/A | NR | 30% achieved 7% weight loss | -5.5 Kg in whole sample and -6.5 Kg in participants without comorbidities at 4 months | NR |
(Laatikainen) Kilkkinen, 2007 [75] 3 months | NR | N/A | No change | NR | -2.4 Kg | -3.2 cm |
Results at 6, 4 or 3 years | ||||||
Eriksson, 1991 [79] 6 years | RR = 0.37 (0.20-0.68) | 10% prevalence in intervention vs. 28.6% prevalence in controls | 52.2% normalized 2 hr OGTT in intervention vs. 35.7% normalized in IGT non-intervention controls | NR | -3.3 Kg vs. +0.2 Kg | NR |
Kosaka, 2005 [49] 4 years | 67.4% reduction in intervention group | 3% intervention vs. 9.3% in control | 53.8% intervention vs. 33.9% in control | NR | -2.2 Kg in intervention vs. -0.39 Kg in control | NR |
Torgerson, 2004 [80] 4 years | Total intervention group 37.3%; IGT patients 45% | 6.2% in medication + lifestyle vs. 9% in placebo + lifestyle | 0.1 mmol/L in medication + lifestyle vs. 0.2 mmol/L in placebo + lifestyle | 52.8% vs. 37.3% | -5.8 Kg in medication vs. 3 Kg in placebo | w-6.4 cm in medication + lifestyle vs. -4.4 cm in placebo+ lifestyle |
Absetz, 2009 [77] 3 years | NR | 12% of those with IGT at baseline vs. 1.2% of those with normal FPG at baseline | 0.0 ± 0.8 mmol/L | NR | -1 Kg ± 5.6 Kg | +0.1 cm ± 6.4 cm |