Table 1 Demographic characteristics and health behavior comparing urban and rural participants, and Kikuyus and Kalenjins

Age

50-59

57%

38%

Baseline

40%

40%

Baseline

60-69

26%

31%

0.6 (0.5-0.7)

32%

28%

1.2 (1.0-1.4)

70-79

11%

20%

0.4 (0.3-0.5)

17%

20%

0.9 (0.7-1.1)

≥80

6%

11%

0.4 (0.3-0.5)

10%

11%

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

Sex

Men

49%

47%

Baseline

44%

53%

Baseline

Women

51%

53%

0.9 (0.8-1.0)

56%

47%

1.4 (1.2-1.6)

Language

Kikuyu

65%

62%

Baseline

Kalenjin

6%

31%

0.2 (0.1-0.2)

Other

29%

7%

3.3 (2.7-4.0)

Urban

931 (34%)

84 (8%)

Baseline

Rural

1812 (66%)

924 (92%)

5.7 (4.5-7.2)

Education

Any

79%

61%

1.4 (1.3-1.6)

71%

51%

1.9 (1.7-2.1)

None

21%

39%

Baseline

29%

49%

Baseline

SES score

1 (poorest)

8%

33%

Baseline

20%

44%

Baseline

2

14%

31%

1.6 (1.2-2.0)

26%

27%

2.4 (2.0-2.9)

3

24%

26%

3.1 (2.5-3.9)

27%

20%

3.4 (2.8-4.2)

4 (richest)

54%

11%

16.7 (13.3-21.1)

26%

9%

7.8 (6.0-10.2)

Smoking

Never

70%

70%

Baseline

69%

73%

Baseline

Current

7%

8%

1.4 (1.1-1.8)

8%

6%

0.5 (0.3-0.6)

Former

23%

22%

1.1 (0.9-1.3)

24%

20%

2.0 (1.6-2.5)

Alcohol

Never

41%

38%

Baseline

45%

23%

Baseline

Former

41%

46%

0.9 (0.7-1.0)

44%

49%

0.4 (0.3-0.5)

Current

18%

17%

0.9 (0.7-1.1)

11%

28%

0.2 (0.1-0.2)

BMI cat

Underweight

8%

17%

0.7 (0.5-0.9)

12%

21%

0.7 (0.6-0.9)

Normal

41%

54%

Baseline

48%

56%

Baseline

Overweight

30%

19%

2.1 (1.7-2.4)

25%

15%

1.9 (1.5-2.3)

Obese

20%

10%

2.8 (2.3-3.5)

14%

8%

2.0 (1.5-2.6)