Table 3 Association of newborn low birth weight with maternal antepartum depressive/anxiety symptoms and other factors (N = 583)

Antepartum depressive symptoms

74 (15.6)

33 (30.6)

2.38 (1.47-3.84)

<0.001

Antepartum anxiety symptoms

106 (22.3)

43 (39.8)

2.30 (1.48-3.58)

<0.001

Mother's age ≤20 years

99 (20.8)

25 (23.1)

1.14 (0.69-1.88)

0.597

Mother low/uneducated

336 (70.7)

84 (77.8)

1.45 (0.88-2.38)

0.141

Land (<50 decimal)

275 (57.9)

81 (75.0)

2.18 (1.36-3.50)

0.001

Per capita food expenditure (<Md BDT.31.25)

234 (49.3)

59 (54.6)

1.24 (0.82-1.89)

0.314

Father low/uneducated

367 (77.4)

88 (81.5)

1.28 (0.75-2.18)

0.357

Maternal malnutrition (mother's MUAC <22 cm)

134 (28.2)

48 (44.4)

2.04 (1.33-3.13)

0.001

Being firstborn

136 (28.6)

24 (22.2)

0.71 (0.43-1.17)

0.178

Four or more siblings

88 (18.5)

21 (19.4)

1.06 (0.63-1.80)

.0.825

At least one antenatal consultation

220 (46.3)

37 (34.3)

0.60 (0.39-0.94)

0.023

Psychological support during pregnancy

462 (97.3)

97 (89.8)

0.25 (0.11-0.57)

0.002

Physical support during pregnancy

380 (80.0)

86 (79.6)

0.98 (0.58-1.64)

0.931

Living in a joint family

396 (83.4)

79 (73.1)

0.54 (0.33-0.89)

0.014

Physical violence: slapped, dragged, or subjected to thrown objects

327 (68.8)

84 (77.8)

1.58 (0.97-2.60)

0.066

Physical violence during pregnancy

87 (18.3)

20 (18.5)

1.01 (0.59-1.74)

0.961