Table 2 Odds ratios for sociodemographic characteristics and stunting, wasting, and underweight among Roma children under 5 in Roma Settlements, UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Serbia, 2005-2006 (n = 1192).

Type of settlement

   Urban

19.5

0.9

(0.6, 1.3)

1.1

(0.8, 1.6)

5.2

2.8*

(1.1, 7.7)

2.8*

(1.3, 6.2)

8.6

1.4

(0.8, 2.4)

1.4

(0.9, 2.2)

   Rural

1.0

ref^b

1.0

1.9

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

6.2

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

Region

   Vojvodina

19.9

1.1

(0.7, 1.6)

0.8

(0.6, 1.2)

7.3

2.9*

(1.6, 5.1)

3.2*

(1.7, 5.9)

10.8

2.0*

(1.2, 3.3)

1.8*

(1.1, 2.9)

   Belgrade

24.3

1.4

(0.9, 2.2)

2.0*

(1.3, 3.1)

4.2

1.5

(0.8, 3.0)

1.4

(0.7, 2.5)

9.8

1.6

Central

Serbia

18.4

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

2.8

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

5.8

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

Mother's education

Primary

or less

20.5

2.2

(0.9, 5.3)

1.4

(0.6, 3.6)

4.4

2.1

(0.3, 16.9)

2.0

(0.2, 19.0)

8.2

^b

^b

^b

^b

   Secondary

10.4

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

2.1

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

2.1

Mother's literacy

Cannot read

sentence

21.2

1.0

(0.7, 1.5)

0.8

(0.6, 1.1)

4.6

1.5

(0.7, 3.0)

1.4

(0.7, 2.8)

8.5

1.1

(0.7, 1.9)

1.0

(0.6, 1.6)

Read part of

sentence

19.3

0.9

(0.6, 1.5)

0.8

(0.5, 1.4)

7.4

2.4*

(1.1, 5.1)

2.2*

(1.1, 4.4)

8.0

1.1

(0.5, 2.1)

1.0

(0.5, 2.0)

Read entire

sentence

20.7

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

3.2

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

7.6

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

Father's education

Primary

or less

20.8

1.4

(0.8, 2.5)

1.1

(0.6, 1.9)

4.1

1.0

(0.4, 2.6)

0.8

(0.3, 2.2)

8.0

1.3

(0.7, 2.4)

1.0

(0.5, 1.9)

   Secondary

15.7

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

4.1

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

6.6

1.0

ref

1.0

(0.3, 2.9)

Father not in

household

18.3

1.2

(0.6, 2.7)

0.8

(0.4, 1.9)

7.0

1.8

(0.5, 6.3)

1.5

(0.4, 5.6)

9.9

1.6

(0.5, 4.7)

1.0

1.0

Wealth quintile

1^st (lowest

wealth)

31.5

3.0*

(1.8, 5.0)

4.1*

(2.4, 6.9)

3.3

0.9

(0.3, 2.4)

0.7

(0.3, 1.9)

7.1

1.0

(0.5, 2.0)

1.0

(0.5, 2.0)

   2^nd

22.1

1.8*

(1.0, 3.3)

2.1*

(1.2, 3.7)

4.9

1.3

(0.6, 3.1)

1.2

(0.5, 2.9)

9.4

1.4

(0.7, 2.9)

1.2

(0.6, 2.6)

   3^rd

18.9

1.5

(0.9, 2.7)

1.6

(0.9, 2.8)

6.2

1.7

(0.7, 4.0)

1.6

(0.7, 3.4)

9.5

1.4

(0.7, 2.8)

1.3

(0.6, 2.5)

   4^th

13.4

1.0

(0.6, 1.6)

1.0

(0.6, 1.6)

3.2

0.9

(0.4, 1.9)

0.9

(0.4, 2.0)

6.9

1.0

(0.5, 1.9)

0.9

(0.5, 1.8)

5^th (highest

wealth)

13.4

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

3.7

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

6.9

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

Mother's age at

first marriage

15 years

or less

20.2

1.3

(0.8, 2.0)

1.2

(0.7, 1.9)

5.0

0.9

(0.4, 2.2)

0.9

(0.4, 2.1)

8.5

1.4

(0.7, 2.8)

1.3

(0.7, 2.7)

   16-17 years

21.2

1.4

(0.9, 2.1)

1.2

(0.8, 1.9)

3.5

0.6

(0.3, 1.5)

0.7

(0.3, 1.6)

4.6

0.7

(0.3, 1.6)

0.7

(0.3, 1.6)

18 years

or more

16.5

1.0

ref

1.0

(0.9, 2.1)

5.3

1.0

ref

1.0

ref

6.2

1.0

ref

1.0

ref