Lean mass, muscle strength, and physical function in a diverse population of men: a population-based cross-sectional study

Table 2 Results^a of multiple regression modeling.

	Regression coefficient vs. White (95% CI)
	Black	Hispanic	Model R²
Lean Mass (kg)
Model 1^c	2.43 (1.12, 3.73)***	0.19 (-1.23, 1.60)	0.3094
Model 2^d	3.41 (2.39, 4.44)***	1.06 (-0.05, 2.16)	0.5546
Model 3^e	3.78 (2.78, 4.77)***	1.63 (0.40, 2.86)**	0.6087
Grip Strength (kg) ^b
Model 1^c	1.60 (-1.67, 4.86)	-1.06 (-3.92, 1.80)	0.1306
Model 2^d	1.75 (-1.57, 5.07)	-0.98 (-4.08, 2.11)	0.1620
Model 3^e	0.87 (-2.07, 3.81)	-0.90 (-3.64, 1.85)	0.2781
Composite Physical Function Score
Model 1^c	-0.89 (-1.22, -0.56)***	-0.94 (-1.41, -0.47)***	0.1600
Model 2^d	-0.85 (-1.20, -0.49)***	-0.87 (-1.38, -0.35)***	0.2323
Model 3^e	-1.04 (-1.40, -0.68)***	-0.79 (-1.25, -0.33)***	0.2671
Lean Mass Index (kg/m ² ) ^g
Model 1^c	0.82 (0.40, 1.23)***	0.23 (-0.21, 0.67)	0.0411
Model 2^d	1.18 (0.86, 1.50)	0.69 (0.33, 1.04)***	0.3630
Model 3^f	1.25 (0.89, 1.61)***	0.70 (0.30, 1.10)***	0.3914
Grip Strength/Arms Lean Mass
Model 1^c	-0.54 (-0.91, -0.18)**	-0.50 (-0.87, -0.12)**	0.0450
Model 2^d	-0.57 (-0.95, -0.20)**	-0.52 (-0.92, -0.13)**	0.0686
Model 3^f	-0.23 (-0.59, 0.14)	-0.36 (-0.73, 0.01)	0.1396
Composite Physical Function Score/Legs Lean Mass
Model 1^c	-0.058 (-0.077, -0.040)***	-0.046 (-0.074, -0.019)**	0.1499
Model 2^d	-0.060 (-0.079, -0.040)***	-0.046 (-0.075, -0.016)**	0.2567
Model 3^f	-0.052 (-0.071, -0.0327)***	-0.0346 (-0.059, -0.010)**	0.2783

^a All estimates weighted according to Sampling Design (see Methods)
^b Models including grip strength or grip strength/LM have N = 970. Other models, N = 1,147.
^c Model 1: Controlled for age and height
^d Model 2: Controlled for age, height, fat mass, self-rated health and physical activity
^e Model 3: Controlled for age, height, fat mass, self-rated health and physical activity, plus maximum grip strength, the composite physical function score, or lean mass
^f Model 3: Controlled for age, height, fat mass, self-rated health and physical activity, plus maximum grip strength/arms LM, composite physical function score/legs LM, or lean mass index
^g Lean mass index models were not adjusted for height since height² is the denominator of the outcome
* p < .05
** p < .01
*** p < .001

ISSN: 1471-2458