From: Second-hand smoke and chronic bronchitis in Taiwanese women: a health-care based study
Variables | Chronic bronchitis (n = 33) | Probable chronic bronchitis (n = 182) | No chronic bronchitis (n = 205) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (yrs) | 65.2 (12.3) | 64.6 (9.1) | 64.5 (9.7) | 0.94 |
Height (cm) | 154.5 (4.3) | 155.5 (5.7) | 155.2 (4.8) | 0.59 |
Weight (kg) | 54.0 (10.0) | 57.7 (7.5) | 58.5 (7.5) | 0.01 |
BMI | 22.6 (3.9) | 23.9 (3.0) | 24.3 (3.1) | 0.01 |
Pulmonary function test | Â | Â | Â | Â |
FEV1 (L) | 1.33 (0.52)a | 1.51 (0.40) | 1.64 (0.48) | <0.01 |
FVC (L) | 1.74 (0.58)a | 1.94 (0.52) | 2.00 (0.62) | 0.05 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 76.1 (17.1)a | 78.9 (15.0) | 83.8 (15.5) | <0.01 |
N (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Education levels | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≥ junior high school | 5 (15.2) | 32 (17.6) | 34 (16.6) | 0.67 |
   primary school | 16 (48.5) | 93 (51.1) | 117 (57.1) |  |
   illiteracy | 12 (36.4) | 57 (31.3) | 54 (26.3) |  |
Cigarette smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   no | 25 (75.8) | 172 (94.5) | 197 (96.1) | <0.01b |
   yes | 8 (24.2) | 10 (5.5) | 8 (3.9) |  |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   no | 33 (100) | 176 (96.7) | 200 (97.6) | 0.14b |
   yes | 0 | 6 (3.4) | 5 (2.5) |  |
Tea consumption | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   no | 31 (93.9) | 152 (83.5) | 164 (80.0) | 0.13b |
   yes | 2 (6.1) | 30 (16.5) | 41 (20.0) |  |
Burning incense | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   no | 14 (42.4) | 81 (44.5) | 89 (43.4) | 0.96 |
   yes | 19 (57.6) | 101 (55.5) | 116 (56.6) |  |
Cooking status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   no | 2 (6.1) | 9 (5.0) | 6 (2.9) | 0.50b |
   Yes | 31 (93.9) | 173 (95.1) | 199 (97.1) |  |