From: Recent trends in exposure to secondhand smoke in the United States population
Geometric means of serum cotinine (ng/mL) | NHANES 2001-2002 | NHANES 2003-2004 | NHANES 2005-2006 | Pvalue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.09) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.06) | 0.12 |
Overall - Undetected | 0.018 (0.016, 0.020) | 0.018 (0.017, 0.020) | 0.019 (0.018, 0.020) | 0.75 |
Age: (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   4-11 | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.20) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.10) | 0.05 |
4-11 - Undetected | 0.018 (0.015, 0.020) | 0.018 (0.017, 0.020) | 0.018 (0.018, 0.020) | 0.84 |
   12-19 | 0.09 (0.05, 0.12) | 0.11 (0.08, 0.14) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.10) | 0.08 |
12-19 - Undetected | 0.018 (0.016, 0.020) | 0.018 (0.017, 0.020) | 0.19 (0.018, 0.021) | 0.59 |
   20+ | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.07) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.29 |
20+ - Undetected | 0.018 (0.016, 0.020) | 0.018 (0.017, 0.020) | 0.19 (0.018, 0.020) | 0.79 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 0.07 (0.05, 0.09) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.10) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.07) | 0.08 |
Male - Undetected | 0.019 (0.016, 0.021) | 0.020 (0.019, 0.021) | 0.020 (0.019, 0.021) | 0.51 |
   Female | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.22 |
Female - Undetected | 0.018 (0.016, 0.019) | 0.017 (0.016, 0.019) | 0.018 (0.017, 0.019) | 0.88 |
Race/ethnicity: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Non-Hispanic White | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.08) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.14 |
Non-Hispanic White - Undetected | 0.018 (0.016, 0.020) | 0.018 (0.017, 0.019) | 0.19 (0.018, 0.020) | 0.66 |
   Non-Hispanic Black | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.19) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.15) | 0.11 |
Non-Hispanic Black - Undetected | 0.23 (0.020, 0.030) | 0.22 (0.020, 0.024) | 0.22 (0.021, 0.024) | 0.88 |
   Mexican American | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.07) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.40 |
Mexican American - Undetected | 0.18 (0.017, 0.020) | 0.18 (0.016, 0.020) | 0.17 0.016, 0.019) | 0.55 |