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Table 3 Hazard ratio and population attributable fraction for cardiovascular disease deaths according to the combination of smoking status and obesity*: NIPPON DATA90

From: Population Attributable Fraction of Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japan: a 15-Year Follow Up of NIPPON DATA90

  

Number of participants

Person-years of follow-up

CVD deaths (n)

CVD mortality rate (per 1,000 person-years)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)†

Estimated excess CVD deaths (n)

PAF component for CVD deaths (%)

Men

         

Non smoker

Non-obese

420

5938

6

1.01

1.00

    
 

Obese

136

1988

1

0.50

0.67

(0.08

-5.53)

--

--

Past smoker

Non-obese

431

6116

16

2.62

1.93

(0.75

-4.96)

7.7

8.8

 

Obese

170

2414

5

2.07

1.52

(0.46

-4.99)

1.7

2.0

Smoker

Non-obese

1212

16780

47

2.80

3.13

(1.33

-7.36)

32.0

36.8

 

Obese

383

5277

12

2.27

2.92

(1.09

-7.82)

7.9

9.1

Women

         

Non smoker

Non-obese

2,638

37960

29

0.76

1.00

    
 

Obese

793

11256

17

1.51

1.34

(0.74

-2.45)

4.3

7.1

Past smoker

Non-obese

66

843

1

1.19

1.43

(0.19

-10.61)

0.3

0.5

 

Obese

28

383

1

2.61

2.46

(0.33

-18.09)

0.6

1.0

Smoker

Non-obese

282

3889

9

2.31

4.32

(1.99

-9.37)

6.9

11.3

 

Obese

91

1224

4

3.27

4.74

(1.66

-13.58)

3.2

5.2

  1. *Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2.
  2. †Hazard ratios were adjusted for age and drinking.
  3. CVD, cardiovascular diseases; PAF, population attributable fraction; CI, confidence interval.