Table 2 Nutritional status of infants at six and twelve months of age stratified by selected maternal, infant and environmental characteristics
Selectedbackground characteristics | 6 month | 12 month | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Underweight | Stunted | Underweight | Stunted | ||||
| Â | Number (%) | p-value | Number (%) | p-value | Number (%) | p-value | Number (%) | p-value |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 119(26.9) | 0.000 | 150(33.9) | 0.000 | 107(23.0) | 0.173 | 266(57.0) | 0.000 |
Female | 69(16.4) | Â | 80(19.1) | Â | 88(19.3) | Â | 175(39.0) | Â |
Birth weight | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Normal | 108(20.4) | 0.000 | 121(23.0) | 0.000 | 108(20.4) | 0.000 | 121(23.0) | 0.008 |
Low | 23(51.1) | Â | 14(31.8) | Â | 23(51.1) | Â | 14(31.8) | Â |
Missing | 57(19.7) | Â | 95(32.7) | Â | 57(19.7) | Â | 95(32.7) | Â |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rural | 173(23.4) | 0.005 | 196(26.5) | 0.795 | 181(22.7) | 0.002 | 398(50.2) | 0.002 |
Urban | 15(12.1) | Â | 32(25.6) | Â | 14(11.3) | Â | 43(35.0) | Â |
Under five children | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | 44(25.1) | 0.429 | 48(27.1) | 0.873 | 28(14.8) | 0.057 | 84(44.9) | 0.590 |
Only one | 91(20.4) | Â | 121(27.2) | Â | 107(22.8) | Â | 230(49.4) | Â |
Two or more | 58(21.8) | Â | 61(25.4) | Â | 60(22.8) | Â | 127(48.3) | Â |
Sanitation facility | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Toilet available | 94(17.2) | 0.000 | 133(24.4) | 0.047 | 112(19.4) | 0.088 | 257(44.6) | 0.005 |
Open field | 94(29.7) | Â | 97(30.6) | Â | 83(24.1) | Â | 184(54.1) | Â |
Rubbish disposal | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Burn | 29(15.1) | 0.011 | 53(27.6) | 0.752 | 34(17.1) | 0.111 | 76(38.2) | 0.001 |
Open field | 159(23.7) | Â | 177(26.5) | Â | 161(22.3) | Â | 365(51.0) | Â |
Water source | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Protected | 117(19.6) | 0.020 | 175(29.5) | 0.006 | 104(16.2) | 0.000 | 285(44.7) | 0.001 |
Unprotected | 71(26.7) | Â | 55(20.6) | Â | 91(32.6) | Â | 156(56.5) | Â |
Initiation of breast feeding | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   < = 1 hour | 47(17.1) | 0.023 | 69(25.2) | 0.439 | 55(19.0) | 0.281 | 142(49.5) | 0.655 |
   >1 hour | 138(24.0) |  | 159(27.7) |  | 137(22.2) |  | 294(47.9) |  |
Colostrums | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Given | 142(20.5) | 0.040 | 189(27.4) | 0.505 | 153(20.6) | 0.318 | 363(49.2) | 0.313 |
Denied | 45(28.0) | Â | 40(24.8) | Â | 40(24.1) | Â | 74(44.9) | Â |
Pre-lacteal feeding | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Given | 9(22.5) | 0.934 | 10(25.0) | 0.766 | 8(19.1) | 0.728 | 21(48.8) | 0.946 |
Not given | 178(22.0) | Â | 219(27.1) | Â | 184(21.3) | Â | 414(48.3) | Â |
Breastfeeding at two months | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Exclusive | 158(21.9) | 0.835 | 192(26.8) | 0.916 | 167(21.6) | 0.394 | 361(47.1) | 0.137 |
Non-exclusive | 30(21.1) | Â | 38(26.4) | Â | 27(18.5) | Â | 78(53.8) | Â |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Literate | 38(22.0) | 0.007 | 52(30.2) | 0.239 | 36(19.5) | 0.529 | 79(43.7) | 0.176 |
Non-literate | 150(21.7) | Â | 178(25.8) | Â | 159(21.6) | Â | 362(49.3) | Â |
Father's education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Literate | 117(19.8) | 0.044 | 151(25.8) | 0.378 | 128(20.3) | 0.407 | 292(46.7) | 0.183 |
Non-literate | 70(25.9) | Â | 78(28.7) | Â | 65(22.7) | Â | 146(51.4) | Â |